P S Analytical have developed a range of accessories which extend the range of applications of the Millennium Instruments to cover such as speciation, online digestion and Ambient air.

PSA M025K006 Speciation Starter Kit

The M025K006 Speciation Starter Kit connects to either the PSA 10.025 Millennium Merlin or PSA 10.055 Millennium Excalibur systems to create an ideal detection system for speciation purposes.

The kit provides a 0-41V output, allowing the signal from the Millennium system to connect to any chromatography software, and also provides the relevant components to treat eluent after the column, including reaction coils, required tubing and manuals, with starting conditions for Mercury, Arsenic, Selenium and Antimony speciation.

PSA SAMS Software

SAMS Software is a free software download which allows continuous measurement of Millennium response against time. It is particularly useful when used with the PSA Millennium Systems for Speciation Studies.

The SAMS Software allows the user to control individual pump speeds, lamp current and length of run.

It is also used to record the response from the PSA 50.042 Thermogram and the PSA 10.026 Millennium Merlin Detector unit.

PSA 10.570 UV Cracker

The PSA 10.570 UV Cracker utilizes the energy from a low pressure mercury lamp to enhance the rate of certain reactions. This allows reaction times to be reduced from 30 minutes to 1 minute, so allowing reactions to be carried out online. This can either be for the online determination of total mercury or for post column derivitisation in the speciation analysis of mercury or arsenic using atomic fluorescence. For example, in the case of mercury speciation, organomercury needs to be oxidised to Hg2+ prior to vapour generation and subsequent determination by atomic fluorescence. By adding the UV Cracker to the system this reaction can be carried out in less than 1 minute.

Another application is in the determination of arsenobetane [1]. This common arsenic species is extremely stable and does not easily react to form a volatile hydride. However, the UV energy in the presence of persulphate allows this species to be converted to the more reactive arsenate on line.

These applications all allow the sample treatment to be automated, minimising losses or errors often introduced by laboratory personnel while at the same time reducing sample pretreatment times.

PSA S570U100 UV/Heating Module

The PSA S570U100 heated speciation coil is an accessory which allows samples or reagents to flow through either a heater or a heater then UV coil to enhance the rate of certain reactions. This allows reaction times to be reduced from 30 minutes to 1 minute, thus allowing reactions to be carried out on line. By simply turning a valve on the front panel the system can be converted from heating to UV with heating and this flexibility allows it to be used for various on line derivitisation reactions when used in conjunction with vapour generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry.

This can either be for the online determination of total mercury or for post column derivitization in the speciation analysis of mercury, arsenic or selenium using vapour generation atomic fluorescence.

For example, in the case of mercury speciation, organomercury needs to be oxidised to Hg2+ prior to vapour generation and subsequent determination by atomic fluorescence. By adding the heating and UV to the system this reaction can be carried out in less than 1 minute.

Arsenobetaine is extremely stable and does not easily react to form a volatile hydride. However, the heat and UV energy in the presence of persulphate allows this species to be converted to the more reactive arsenate on line.

Selenate does not react with NaBH4 to form a volatile hydride, but can be easily converted to the hydride forming selenite with the addition of heat and UV.

PSA S570C100 Cooling Coil Module

The PSA S570C100 is an accessory specifically designed to be used with the PSA S570U100 Heated Speciation Coil or the PSA 10.570 UV Cracker in speciation studies of organomercury, organoarsenic or organoselenium compounds and the automatic digestion for total mercury analysis using vapour generation atomic fluorescence spectrometric detection.

During the reaction of the organo compounds within either of the accessories, the carrier liquid can be heated to the extent that it can cause excess condensation in the tubing prior to the permapure resulting in loss of sensitivity. In the past, operators would overcome this problem with a long outlet tube which was immersed in a large beaker of ice or ice water. This method resolves the problem but is quite inconvenient and generally needs a lot of operator attention.

By installing the PSA S57C100 Cooling Module in the system between the PSA S570U100 or the PSA 10.570 and the speciation mixing module, the carrier liquid is cooled in a convenient and reproducible manner which allows the permapure to operate efficiently without loss of sensitivity.

The PSA S570C100 operates by passing the carrier liquid through a small bore tube (to reduce peak broadening) which is enclosed in a larger tube through which cooling water from a recycling water chiller or tap water supply flows in a counter current direction which ensures maximum cooling effect.

PSA M035S100 Scarifier

The PSA M035S100 Scarifier has been specifically designed to extend the range of samples analysed with the PSA 10.035 Millennium Merlin 1631 to include gaseous samples. Gaseous samples such as air and natural gas are collected on Amasil traps and brought to the Scarifier. The Scarifier is used to desorb the mercury from these gold traps into the PSA 10.035 Millennium Merlin 1631 Analyser where the mercury is again collected on the built in gold trap. The mercury is desorbed from this trap and analysed in the atomic fluorescence detector.

The Scarifier enables the PSA 10.035 Millennium Merlin 1631 to follow method EPA IO-5 for mercury in air, and comply with ASTM 6350 and 6978-2 Mercury in Natural gas as well as PSA Millennium Merlin 1631 for Mercury in Water.

PSA G525S100 Air Sentinel

The G525S100 Air Sentinel is an unattended ambient air, active sampling device that provides sampling with an accurate air volume for mercury in air studies.

The ambient sample is actively carried over PSA’s gold Amasil™ traps to preconcentrate any Hg that may be present.  The air is actively pumped through the Air Sentinel using a calibrated micro vacuum pump. Depending on the location remoteness and other requirements the system may be powered by a using a DC power pack, or the integrated rechargeable battery pack with solar panel options.

The Amasil gold traps may then be analysed using the M035S100 Scarifier module or directly with 10.525 Sir Galahad II

PSA 10.125 Millennium Merlin Satellite

The PSA 10.125 Millennium Merlin Satellite is a free standing unit which when connected to the PSA 10.055 Millennium Excalibur allows users to be able to measure mercury in addition to the hydride forming elements (arsenic, selenium, antimony, bismuth and tellurium) down to trace levels without having to purchase a separate mercury analyser.

It consists of a unit containing Millennium Merlin Optical system and electronics with USB data connection. The unit utilises the vapour generation capabilities and membrane dryer of the PSA 10.055 Millennium Excalibur for the release of mercury vapour which it then measures with its mercury detector.

Switching between the PSA 10.055 Millennium Excalibur and the PSA10.025 Millennium Merlin modes of operation is achieved simply by changing the gas liquid separator and connecting the detector cable.

M035K003 Solid Sampler Accessory

The PSA M035K003 Solid Sampler Kit has been designed for the sampling of solids such as soils for the determination of elemental mercury. The system includes argon purging controls purging vessels and transfer buckets for connecting Amasil^TM traps. A spiking port has been incorporated into sampling position 1 to allow method recovery data to be obtained.

The unit enables the user to sample soils contaminated with elemental mercury. The mercury analysis is achieved with the PSA 10.525 Sir Galahad or the PSA 10.035 Millennium Merlin 1631 plus the PSA M035S100 Scarifier accessory.

A representative soil sample is weighed into the sample tube. The sample is purged with argon for a fixed time when any elemental mercury will be removed by the argon stream and collected by amalgamation onto the Amasil trap. The argon flow is switched off and the trap analysed in the PSA 10.525 Sir Galahad or the PSA 10.035 Millennium Merlin 1631 plus the PSA M035S100 Scarifier accessory. The unit can purge six traps simultaneously.

The system can be used for sampling any solid environmental samples for elemental mercury analysis.

PSA N118A200 Injection Valve Module

The PSA N118A200 injection valve module is designed to be used as part of an automated speciation system.

The N118A200 is a stainless steel, 6 port 2 position air actuated injection valve mounted in a module for stability. The internal surface have been coated to ensure all contact surfaces are inert.

The unit is used in conjunction with the PSA 10.025 Millennium Merlin or PSA 10.055 Millennium Excalibur, the PSA 20.400 Autosamler and SAMS Software for reproductible chromatograms using HPLC based speciation systems.

The AutoSAMS software initiates the N118 valve which turns the sample position while simultaneously the PSA 20.400 Autosampler is triggered to take the sample and fill the sample loop on the valve. The valve then turns to inject the sample at the same time starting SAMS Software to collect data. At the end of the chromatographic run, the valve is triggered to take the next sample and data collected is processed by the SAMSCalc software.

A typical automated speciation system would use a 500 µL coated sample loop but a full range of sample loops are available.

PSA 10.820 Modular Interface (MI)

Integrated High Performance Liquid Chromatography Pump, High Pressure Sample Injection Valve, UV Lamp Oxidising and Heating/Cooling Module

The 10.820 Modular Interface (MI) extends the range of applications to any Millennium Merlin or Excalibur Instrument. The MI is configurable and may include; LC pump, injection valve, UV cracker, heater and cooling modules.

With a simple interface, and compatible flow rates, the accessory facilitates speciation studies (hg, As, Se, Bi, Sb etc), online digestion (heat and UV), as well as a variety of post column reactions. The conjunction of the AFS systems with the MI provides ultimate detection performance for both sensitivity and selectivity.

In addition to the impressive detection performance, the automated approach significantly speeds up analysis times, reduces and sample pre-treatment and handling errors.

Arsenic Speciation

Selenium Speciation

Mercury Speciation

The Millennium Excalibur System is a very sensitive system for the determination of the hydride forming elements such as As, Se, Sb, Te and Bi.

Because of its unrivalled sensitivity it is used by numerous groups for speciation

The M055M010 allows users to fully optimise the reagent conditions by dropping the reductant concentration below the level required for operation of hydrogen flamein the Millennium Excalibur. With the M055M010, users can reduce the background levels within the optical arrangement and thus improve detection limits.

To discuss particular requirements and for more detailed information on the above products please complete the Information Request Form.

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